Our Troubled World: Plague of Plastics

“And Man created the plastic bag and the tin and aluminum can and the cellophane wrapper and the paper plate, and this was good because Man could then take his automobile and buy all his food in one place and He could save that which was good to eat in the refrigerator and throw away that which had no further use.  And soon the earth was covered with plastic bags and aluminum cans and paper plates and disposable bottles and there was nowhere to sit down or walk, and Man shook his head and cried:  "Look at this God-awful mess." 

                                     Art Buchwald, 1970 

            In my world travels from the Arctic to Antarctica, I found that humanity holds little sacred on this planet.  I have sailed and used my Scuba gear across all the oceans and seas.  I have rafted or canoed rivers from the Amazon to the Mississippi to the Yangtze.  I have explored all the Great Lakes and many unknown lakes around the world.  I have walked on the Hawaiian Islands to the Galapagos Islands to Ross Island at the bottom of the world.  I bicycled along the North Sea in Norway and around Lake Titicaca in South America.

           At every location on our globe that humans inhabit, humanity throws its trash in every conceivable form. 

           But by far the most dangerous�"any way you cut it�"plastics prove themselves humanity’s worst invention.  Ubiquitous, forever, deadly and ugly!

           As a teenager, I enjoyed Scuba diving in pristine waters from Lake Huron, to the Hawaiian Islands, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean.  I saw magic at 40 feet below the surface on coral reefs!  Incredible beauty!   

           Thirty years later, my dives carried me into the most disgusting sights on the planet.  Plastic drift nets, cut away by fishing captains, killed innocent sea life--forever!  For the past 40 years, humans have tossed their plastic containers, pop tops, disposable diapers, billions of bags and every kind and size of plastic trash into our lakes, rivers and oceans.   Plastic destroys everything it touches.

             As I canoed down the Mississippi River from its beginning at Lake Itasca, Minnesota, it started out as beautiful as a dream.  Within five miles, I watched hundreds and then thousands of plastic containers float alongside me after having been pitched by other boaters.  Plastic bags hung from trees and billowed in the water as they draped from branches along Old Man River.  People drove cars over the river’s edge and left couches and lawn chairs on sand bars.  Clothes and junk got tossed along its 2,552 mile trip to New Orleans.  It sickened me daily.  I filled two large trash bags a day and I couldn’t begin to get it all.

            On my bicycle ride from Norway to Greece in 2005, we boarded a ferry from Brindisi, Italy to Petros, Greece.  Along the way, we witnessed huge floating gobs of plastic trash collected in ugly swarms hundreds of yards long. 

            Plastic proves the worst human invention, besides chemicals, because plastic doesn’t break down or biodegrade.  About the only thing that destroys it is fire, but then, the pollution from the smoke proves fatal to the environment. 

           Alan Weisman, author of “Polymers are forever” published in the May/June 2007 issue of Orion magazine: http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/270

 

           He wrote, “The true answer is we just don't know how much is out there.”            Weisman wrote about Richard Thompson, “He knew the terrible tales of the sea otters choking on poly-ethylene rings from beer six-packs; of swans and gulls strangled by nylon nets and fishing lines; of a green sea turtle in Hawaii dead with a pocket comb, a foot of nylon rope, and a toy truck wheel lodged in its gut.  His personal worst was fulmar bird carcasses washed ashore on North Sea beaches.  Ninety-percent suffered plastic in their stomachs�"an average of forty-four pieces per bird.”

               “There was no way of knowing if the plastic had killed them, although it was a safe bet that, in many, chunks of indigestible plastic had blocked their intestines.  Thompson reasoned that if larger plastic pieces were breaking down into smaller particles, smaller organisms would likely be consuming them.  When they get as small as powder, even zooplankton will swallow them."

          "Can you believe it?" said Richard Thompson, one of the men researching how widespread plastic moved into water systems. "They're selling plastic meant to go right down the drain, into the sewers, into the rivers, right into the ocean.  Bite-sized pieces of plastic to be swallowed by little sea creatures!"

           If you are old enough to remember Dustin Hoffman in, “The Graduate”, you may recall the older man telling Hoffman, “Plastic, my boy, that’s the future!”

         While WWII created research for plastics, after 1970, this unnatural substance changed everything and it became everything.  Once it became a container, all hell broke loose.  Every time a group of environmentalists tried to get a 10 cent deposit/return placed on it, corporations overpowered do-gooders with negative advertisements to defeat return laws. 

          Soon, the disposable diaper arrived!  On my bicycle travels across America and the world, I’ve seen tens of thousands of soiled, plastic baby diapers thrown into every corner of the planet.

         Weisman wrote, “What happens to plastic, however, can be seen most vividly in places where trash is never collected. Humans have continuously inhabited the Hopi Indian Reservation in northern Arizona since 1000 AD�"longer than any other site in today's United States.  The principal Hopi villages sit atop three mesas with 360-degree views of the surrounding desert.  For centuries, the Hopis simply threw their garbage, consisting of food scraps and broken ceramic, over the sides of the mesas.  Coyotes and vultures took care of the food wastes, and the pottery shards blended back into the ground they came from.

        “That worked fine until the mid-twentieth century.  Then, the garbage tossed over the side stopped going away.  The Hopis were visibly surrounded by a rising pile of a new, nature-proof  kind of trash.  The only way it disappeared was by being blown across the desert. But it was still there, stuck to sage and mesquite branches, impaled on cactus spines.”

         On our oceans, “In 1975, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences had estimated that all oceangoing vessels together dumped 8 million pounds of plastic annually.  More recent research showed the world's merchant fleet alone shamelessly tossing around 639,000 plastic containers every day.

          “The real reason that the world's landfills weren't overflowing with plastic, he found, was because most of it ends up in an ocean-fill.  After a few years of sampling the North Pacific gyre, Moore concluded that 80 percent of mid-ocean flotsam had originally been discarded on land.” 

          Weisman wrote, “During his first thousand-mile crossing of the gyre, Moore calculated half a pound for every one hundred square meters of debris on the surface, and arrived at three million tons of plastic.  His estimate was corroborated by U.S. Navy calculations.  It was the first of many staggering figures he would encounter.  And it only represented visible plastic: an indeterminate amount of larger fragments get fouled by enough algae and barnacles to sink.  In 1998, Moore returned with a trawling device, such as Sir Alistair Hardy had employed to sample krill, and found, incredibly, more plastic by weight than plankton on the ocean's surface.  In fact, it wasn't even close: six times as much.”

          As you read through this information, it gets uglier than you can imagine. “As for the little pellets known as nurdles, 5.5 quadrillion�"about 250 billion pounds�"were manufactured annually�"perfect bite-size for little creatures that the bigger creatures eat, were being flushed seaward.”

 

That half-century's total plastics production now surpasses 1 billion tons

 

          Dear reader: as you can appreciate, it’s what you can’t see that produces incredible damage to our planet home.  As I said, plastics prove the worst invention of humanity.  They prove insidious, sinister, menacing and deadly to this planet’s living creatures.

        Any questions?  Why would someone knowingly toss 639,000 plastic containers into our oceans daily?  Why would Pete Coors, owner of Coors Brewing, Golden, Colorado tout himself as a Colorado environmentalist, yet spend millions of dollars to defeat our bottle/return laws�"not once but twice?  Short answer:  he personally makes $13 million a year, but that’s too little!  He requires more profit with total disregard for all the trash his cans, bottles and the plastic waste generate across the landscape.  Just think of all corporation heads thinking and acting like Pete Coors.  Sickening!

        The next time you’re at the grocery checkout, they may ask, “Paper or plastic?”  You answer as you pull them out, “I’ve got my cotton bags, thank you.”  You may spearhead a 10 cent bottle deposit/return law in your state that duplicates Michigan’s highly successful law.

          It’s a start.  Nature thanks you!