Germany is facing calls to withdraw its billions of euros' worth of gold from US vaults, spurred on by the shift in transatlantic relations and the unpredictability of Donald Trump.

Germany holds the world's second biggest national gold reserves after the US, of which approximately €164bn (£122bn) worth – 1,236 tonnes – is stored in New York.

Emanuel Mönch, a leading economist and former head of research at Germany's federal bank, the Bundesbank, called for the gold to be brought home, saying it was too "risky" for it to be kept in the US under the current administration.

"Given the current geopolitical situation, it seems risky to store so much gold in the US," he told the financial newspaper Handelsblatt.

"In the interest of greater strategic independence from the US, the Bundesbank would therefore be well advised to consider repatriating the gold."

Stefan Kornelius, the spokesperson for Friedrich Merz's coalition government, said recently that withdrawal of the gold reserves was not currently under consideration.

But Mönch is only the latest in a string of economists and financial experts to argue that such a move would be in keeping with the greater strategic independence that Europe's largest economy has been seeking from the US in recent months.

Michael Jäger, the head of the European Taxpayers Association (TAE) as well as the Association of German Taxpayers, has also said Berlin should make its move, arguing that the US's stated desire to seize Greenland should concentrate minds.

"Trump is unpredictable and he does everything to generate revenue. That's why our gold is no longer safe in the Fed's vaults," Jäger told the Rheinische Post.

"What happens if the Greenland provocation continues? … The risk is increasing that the German Bundesbank will no longer be able to access its gold. Therefore, it should repatriate its reserves."