Astrocytes comprise most of our central nervous system cells, providing support and protection for neurons, transporting nutrients and removing waste. Oligodendrocytes lay down and maintain the lipid-rich, insulating wrapping called myelin around some axons, the part of the neuron that connects with another neuron and allows the transmission of nerve impulses. Dysfunctional astrocytes and oligodendrocytes have been associated with several neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions. Given the ability of hGPCs to give rise to new astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, researchers from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, have examined how transplanting healthy hGPCs might help restore brain function.