One major thing that makes this whole idea very complex is, using Fed money by the public is entirely voluntary. Nobody is required to use Federal Reserve Notes. Life in the US might be very difficult without using it, but there is no law that can force anybody to use Fed fiat... if they know how to stand as literal men and women in court. They can trade and barter without any Fed fiat usage. SCOTUS knows this, even though most of the people don't... or at least don't think about it very much. So, it makes things difficult to judge, and SCOTUS hopes that the people and the government don't ask difficult questions about this. Why? Because it might reveal to the people how completely free they really are.

The U.S. economy has had the Fed use bogus Fed book-entry ledger credit inserted into govt ledgers which buy Treasury securities for 110 years. The inflationary FRN's credit were identified as Redeemable in Gold or Lawful Money. After 1933, as a Legal Tender {a debt of the Govt}. Ref. 31 USC #462. . ... A LIE ??? . . . [The T securities were auctioned by the Fed and the funds disappear. Where do they go ?? The accounts have never been audited. Ref. 31 CFR #375.3.]