“You are free," Muhammad Ali Jinnah said. "You are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this state of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed — that has nothing to do with the business of the state.”

Scholars and historians agree that the Pakistan Jinnah envisioned wasn't supposed to be a theocracy. Rather, they argue, Jinnah wanted Pakistan to be a safe haven for the Indian subcontinent's Muslims whose minority political and economic interests were not represented in the Indian parliament.