Here are the main disputes, which set ultra-conservatives within the Catholic Church against the pope.

Francis in 2021 signed a decree limiting the use of the Latin Mass, reversing a more flexible edict from 2007 by his predecessor Benedict XVI.

The decision provoked incomprehension and anger among part of the clergy and Catholics attached to the so-called "Tridentine" Mass -- which is conducted entirely in Latin with the priest facing the altar, like the congregation. Some went so far as to accuse him of preventing them from practicing their faith.

Pope Francis attracted the wrath of several cardinals, the red-hatted prelates who are supposedly his closest collaborators, but also next in command in the hierarchy of the Church.