The scientists say the molecule has already shown promise for putting the brakes on the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Although still not completely understood, MS is widely believed to be triggered by an over-active immune system damaging cells that produce myelin, an electrically insulating material that is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

"Inflammation results when our immune cells release hormones called cytokines, which is a normal response to disease," says Dr Ueli Nachbur. "However when too many cytokines are produced, inflammation can get out-of-control and damage our own body, all of which are hallmarks of immune or inflammatory diseases."

The small drug-like molecule developed by Dr Nachbur and his colleagues is called WEHI-345 and prevents the release of inflammatory cytokines by binding to and inhibiting a key immune signaling protein called RIPK2.